Minimally disturbed lakes were determined from available GIS data (e.g. land use, roads, aerial photography) for comparative use in EPA’s national survey of lake health. A series of maps was generated for each candidate reference lake and analyzed for evidence of disturbance.

E&S Environmental Chemistry, Inc. was contracted by the U.S. EPA to draft a synthesis report on ecological effects of atmospheric deposition of oxides of sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N).

This research represents a multi-disciplinary and multi-institutional effort to extrapolate research, monitoring, and modeling results, including physical, chemical, and biological findings from intensively-studied lakes to the regional population of acid-sensitive Adirondack lakes.

E&S Environmental Chemistry is collaborating with scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Forest Service to assess the effects of acidic deposition on the current growth, health, and regeneration of sugar maple trees, and to determine the extent to which sugar maple response is associated with soil conditions in small upland watersheds within the Oswegatchie and Black river basins of the southwestern Adirondack Mountains in New York.

Shenandoah National Park (SHEN) has among the most comprehensive air quality monitoring and research program of all national parks and wilderness areas that are afforded special protection under the Clean Air Act.

This project evaluates the sensitivity of all Inventory and Monitoring (I&M) national parks in the United States to potential acidification effects caused by atmospheric sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) deposition.

This project evaluates the sensitivity of all Inventory and Monitoring (I&M) national parks in the United States to potential nutrient enrichment effects caused by atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition.

This project synthesizes available inventories and published findings regarding air quality related values (AQRVs) sensitive to effects caused by atmospheric deposition of nitrogen, sulfur, and toxic compounds; formation of ground-level ozone; and impacts of air pollution on in-park visibility.