This project applies empirical and modeled critical loads (CLs) to fine-scale maps of selected national parks in the intermountain West that are considered to be most at risk from increases in atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition from oil and gas-related activities.

The Appalachian National Scenic Trail (AT) is one of the longest footpaths in the world, spanning ~2,180 miles (3,500 km) from northern Georgia to central Maine.

Hydropower field studies are crucial in describing existing conditions of a river or lake and involve a variety of data collection activities ranging from hourly water samples to seasonal population surveys.

E&S Environmental conducts watershed assessments and analyses following both state and federal guidelines. E&S has produced numerous watershed assessments for watershed councils following Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board (OWEB) methods, as well as watershed analyses that conform to federal watershed analysis guidelines.

Tillamook Bay and its watershed, which are located on the north coast of Oregon, have a long history of water quality problems. Despite progress in restoring water quality over the past two decades, both fresh and saline waters often fail to meet water quality standards for bacteria, frequently causing the cessation of oyster harvesting in the bay.

Minimally disturbed lakes were determined from available GIS data (e.g. land use, roads, aerial photography) for comparative use in EPA’s national survey of lake health. A series of maps was generated for each candidate reference lake and analyzed for evidence of disturbance.

E&S Environmental Chemistry, Inc. was contracted by the U.S. EPA to draft a synthesis report on ecological effects of atmospheric deposition of oxides of sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N).

This research represents a multi-disciplinary and multi-institutional effort to extrapolate research, monitoring, and modeling results, including physical, chemical, and biological findings from intensively-studied lakes to the regional population of acid-sensitive Adirondack lakes.

E&S Environmental Chemistry is collaborating with scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Forest Service to assess the effects of acidic deposition on the current growth, health, and regeneration of sugar maple trees, and to determine the extent to which sugar maple response is associated with soil conditions in small upland watersheds within the Oswegatchie and Black river basins of the southwestern Adirondack Mountains in New York.

Shenandoah National Park (SHEN) has among the most comprehensive air quality monitoring and research program of all national parks and wilderness areas that are afforded special protection under the Clean Air Act.